Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta (Italian) Supremus Militaris Ordo Hospitalarius Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani Rhodiensis et Melitensis (Latin)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Tuitio fidei et obsequium pauperum (Latin) "Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor"
Anthem: Ave Crux Alba (Latin) Hail, thou White Cross
Capital	Rome (Palazzo Malta 41°54′19″N 12°28′50″E / 41.90528°N 12.48056°E / 41.90528; 12.48056 and Villa del Priorato di Malta 41°53′01″N 12°28′39″E / 41.88361°N 12.47750°E / 41.88361; 12.47750)
Official languages	Italian[1]: Constitution Article 7
Religion	Catholicism
Government
• Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller	John T. Dunlap
• Grand Commander	Emmanuel Rousseau
• Grand Chancellor	Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo
• Grand Hospitaller	Alessandro de Franciscis
• Receiver of the Common Treasure	Fabrizio Colonna
Sovereign subject of international law
• Establishment of the Knights Hospitaller	c. 1099; 925 years ago (1099)
• Papal recognition	1113
• Cyprus	1291–1310
• Rhodes	1310–1523
• Malta	1530–1798
• Division	1805–12
• Seat in Rome	1834–present
Area
• Total	0 km2 (0 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	13,191 members (2023)[2]: p. 38  39 vowed members (33 knights; 6 chaplains)[2]: p. 18  3 citizens[3]
Currency	Maltese scudo
Website www.orderofmalta.int

The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (Italian: Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta; Latin: Supremus Militaris Ordo Hospitalarius Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani Rhodiensis et Melitensis), commonly known as the Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of a military, chivalric, and noble nature.^[4] Though it possesses no territory, the order is often considered a sovereign entity under international law.

The order claims continuity with the Knights Hospitaller, a chivalric order that was founded about 1099 by the Blessed Gerard in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.^[5] The order is led by an elected prince and grand master.^[6] Its motto is Tuitio fidei et obsequium pauperum ("Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor"). The order venerates the Virgin Mary as its patroness, under the title of Our Lady of Philermos.

The Order's membership includes about 13,500 Knights, Dames and Chaplains.^[7] Thirty-three of these are professed religious Knights of Justice.^[2] Until the 1990s, the highest classes of membership, including officers, required proof of noble lineage. More recently, a path was created for Knights and Dames of the lowest class (of whom proof of aristocratic lineage is not required) to be specially elevated to the highest class, making them eligible for office in the order.

The Order's modern-day role is largely focused on providing humanitarian assistance and assisting with international humanitarian relations, for which purpose it has had permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly since 1994.^[8] The Order employs about 52,000 doctors, nurses, auxiliaries and paramedics assisted by 95,000 volunteers in more than 120 countries, assisting children, homeless, disabled, elderly, and terminally ill people, refugees, and lepers around the world without distinction of ethnicity or religion.^{[note 1]} Through its worldwide relief corps, Malteser International, the order aids victims of natural disasters, epidemics and war.^[9]

The Order maintains diplomatic relations with 113 states,^[10] enters into treaties, and issues its own passports, coins and postage stamps. Its two headquarters buildings in Rome enjoy extraterritoriality,^[11] similar to embassies, and it maintains embassies in other countries. The Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata news agency has called it "the smallest sovereign state in the world".^[12] The three principal officers are counted as citizens.^[3] Although the Order has been a United Nations General Assembly observer since 1994,^[10][13] this was granted in view of its "long-standing dedication [...] in providing humanitarian assistance and its special role in international humanitarian relations";^[8] the same category is held by other non-state entities such as the International Olympic Committee and International Committee of the Red Cross.^[14]

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